How Does Air Conditioning Work?

Contrary to popular perception, Air Conditioning (AC) is not about adding cool air to the room, but more about drawing heat away from it. The end result is a space with significantly less heat, which makes it feel cooler to occupants. Air conditioning takes advantage of the effects of evaporation, much like a swab of alcohol makes a person's skin feel cooler as the liquid evaporates. The alcohol doesn't lower the person's skin temperature, but rather draws away heat from the air as it turns to a gas.

Air conditioning units contain a special chemical called a refrigerant, which has the unique ability to change from a gas to a liquid in a short amount of time. A refrigerant called freon is commonly used in AC units, although there are other commercial refrigerants available. The refrigerant is pumped into the unit at the factory, along with a small amount of lubricating oil for the compressor.

The parts of a typical AC unit usually form a closed system consisting of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and a thermostat. Motorized fans help to circulate the conditioned air, while thin metal fins allow heat to dissipate quickly. The heaviest part of a typical air conditioning is often the compressor, since it must be strong enough to withstand a significant amount of pressure.

The process of cooling an area begins with the refrigerant entering the compressor, usually located at the bottom of the unit. At this point, the refrigerant is a cool gas. As the gas enters the compressor's inner chamber, the compressor squeezes the refrigerant and the gas becomes a very hot gas under high pressure. This hot gas goes through a series of condensing coils placed outside of the room being cooled. The heat dissipates into the outside air, much like a car's radiator dissipates heat from the engine coolant. Once the refrigerant reaches the end of these coils, it is significantly cooler and in liquid form.

This liquid is still under high pressure, like the contents of an aerosol can. In the case of air conditioning, the liquid refrigerant is forced through a very tiny opening called an expansion valve. The liquid refrigerant comes out of the other end of the expansion a very small amount at a time. Because the refrigerant evaporates at a much lower temperature than water, it begins to evaporate while traveling through another set of coils. It is this evaporation action that draws heat out of the surrounding air, including the air contained in the room. The unit's fan blows across metal fins placed over these coils, causing the sensation of cooling in the room. 

At this point, the liquid refrigerant has become a cold gas again and re-enters the compressor, where the entire process begins again until a thermostat registers a specific temperature and shuts off the compressor. When the room warms up, the thermostat senses the added heat and the compressor kicks back on to create more of the hot pressurized gas. At some point, the temperature of the room may equal the cooling power of the air conditioner and the compressor will shut off again. The air conditioning systems of most houses do benefit from energy-saving steps such as using window shades and keeping doors closed, since they don't have to work as hard to keep the room at an acceptable level of cool.

Do You Know Why Air Conditioner Capacity Is Measured in Tons?

Tonnage in the HVAC profession refers to a specific amount of heat energy the air conditioner must extract from your home every hour to keep it cool and comfortable. It’s measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units) and a “ton” of cooling equals 12,000 BTUs extracted per hour. Your contractor will use both his own expertise as well as sophisticated, industry-standard software to determine your home’s BTU requirements, known as "sizing the house," then recommend an air conditioner that offers that cooling capacity.

You shouldn’t accept anything less. 

In the past, calculating the required BTU tonnage per hour with precision was often not a high priority, particularly in new construction. In an era when energy costs were much lower than today, builders frequently installed oversized A/C units as a matter of course to standardize the make and model and cover for all variables in a home. This standard procedure was so widespread that contractors who perform air conditioning upgrades of older units nowadays report that more than 50 percent of the existing installed air conditioners are larger than they need to be. Not only do these oversized units consume unnecessary amounts of energy and produce high utility costs, ironically, they also cool less effectively and often have higher rates of component failure and shorter service life, too. Undersized units aren’t a bargain, either. They won’t extract enough BTU tonnage to adequately cool the home. In addition, a unit that’s too small for the thermal characteristics of the house will run extended “On” cycles, using excessive amounts of electricity.

Getting a Handle on the Cooling Load

In the summer, your home carries a heavy burden. It’s called the cooling load and it’s the sum total of a range of factors that influence how much cooling power in BTU tonnage is required to keep your home at a comfortable indoor temperature. This comfort goal is called the “design temperature” and it’s usually around 78 degrees. To maintain that temperature, the contractor has to know the number of BTUs of heat energy that need to be taken out of the house every hour by the air conditioner.

The cooling load is influenced by factors including the:

• Local climate

• Square footage of the house

• Orientation of the home and the amount of solar exposure it receives

• Total area of windows and the type of glass

• Amount and type of insulation

• Condition of the ductwork

• Number of major appliances

• Amount of lighting and the type of bulbs

• Number and age of occupants

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What Is Cooling Capacity?

Cooling capacity refers to the rate heat is removed from a space, under standard conditions. These conditions take into account such factors as the volume of the space being cooled and the air temperatures both inside and outside the space. Typically, the cooling capacity of a modern air conditioner is printed on the outside of the unit.

Generally, cooling capacities are rated in British Thermal Units (BTUs) per hour, or in tons. A ton of cooling capacity is the same as 12,000 BTUs per hour, and the term has its origin in the cooling effect of a ton of ice. Often, capacity measurements are given in tonnage for cooling units and BTUs for heating units. Broken down, a BTU is based on the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a pound of water by just one degree Fahrenheit.

Cooling capacity is directly related to the size of the area being cooled. As an illustration, a typical 2,000-square-foot home, depending on the climate it is in, may require an air conditioning system with a cooling capacity of 48,000 BTUs per hour. In contrast, an average 150-square-foot bedroom may be able to get by with a unit rated at 5,000 BTUs per hour.

Air conditioners cool a heated room by transferring the heat to the fluid-filled evaporator coils of the unit. The units condense some of the moisture in the air, too. That makes the atmosphere in the room not only cooler, but less humid and more comfortable as well.

Cooling capacity ratings are usually printed directly on the sticker of newer air conditioning units. On older models, the capacity is sometimes coded within the serial numbers. These ratings apply not only to residential and commercial air conditioning systems – including heat pumps that operate in the air conditioning mode – but also to industrial chillers, cooling towers, and other cooling equipment.

The Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) independently certifies heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVACR) equipment and components to ensure these systems meet industry efficiency standards. Generally, the Institute – known as the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) prior to 2009 – works with manufacturers to develop standards and guidelines that result in uniform ratings, including cooling capacity ratings, to give consumers a basis of comparison. An ARI number on a heating or air conditioning unit is a guarantee that its cooling or heating capacity has been properly tested.

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What is HVAC?

Climate control and comfort in modern buildings is a major design issue. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems help to control the climate and keep occupants comfortable by regulating the temperature and air flow. These systems are also important to occupants' health, because a well regulated and maintained system will keep a home free from mold and other harmful organisms. In some environments, such as museums, they are vitally important for the preservation of historic artifacts.

Type of HVAC System.

In choosing any type of HVAC system, finding one that is size-appropriate to the building is important in terms of achieving the best efficiency and comfort level. Beyond understanding the maintenance and installation of the systems themselves, sizing them appropriately is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks of an contractor. If a contractor recommends a heating system that is too big or too little for a home or business, the result will be an inefficient system that will cost more money in the long run. An oversized air conditioner will not efficiently dehumidify the air; an oversized furnace is likely to cause a large temperature swing and create an uncomfortable climate inside the target area.

Determining the size of HVAC systems only by square footage (square meters) is largely inaccurate, since it does not take into account the energy-efficiency or design of the building. Another common mistake made by many contractors is simply replacing an older unit with a newer one of the same capacity. This is not always the best strategy since older homes, for example, often had larger-than-necessary furnaces. An older home that has undergone significant renovation with new windows, weatherstripping, insulation, and caulking will be more energy-efficient, and may be better served by replacing the older, larger heating unit with a smaller one.

Gas and electric utility companies sometimes offer to perform a sizing calculation either for free or for a minimal charge. A good contractor will follow procedures set forth by trade organizations such as the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) in regards to appropriate sizing, and may use software programs to assist in the calculation.

In larger, industrial systems, software is used to manage the HVAC system with respect to other areas such as scheduling, dispatch, billing, maintenance, inventory. Specialized software is also used by engineers to design ductwork and piping plans. These software programs usually integrate with computer aided design (CAD) software.

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Features (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Mini split ACs come with various convenient features:

Programmable Timer: Program your mini-split to turn on or off up to 24 hours in advance. For example, set it to turn on right before you get home from work—you'll walk into a cool home without running your AC all day.

Remote Control: A common feature is a remote control that makes changing indoor unit settings simple. Most models come with a remote since indoor units are hanging on a wall or ceiling.

Adjustable Airflow: In some models, you can adjust airflow on the remote. With others you manually move louvers to direct cool or warm air throughout your space. You can also look for louvers that swing automatically to direct airflow up and down.

Washable Air Filter: An air filter catches unwanted allergens and particles before they enter your home. Look for one that can be washed and replaced to save on replacement filters.

Automatic Restart: In the event of a power failure, mini-splits automatically resume operation in the last programmed setting once power is restored. This function not only protects the compressor, but it also prevents circuit breaker damage.

Minimum Heat Operation: In models with heat, set this mode and your heater will maintain a temperature to ensure your room doesn’t get too cold (typically around 50 degrees F).

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Additional Modes (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Mini splits can include multiple modes to keep your home full of crisp, cool air in the summer and warm air in the winter. Additional modes are popular for people who don’t have central air conditioners and use their mini-split AC as their primary cooling option.

Keep an eye out for these modes for year-round comfort:

Heat: Use Heat mode during cooler months with virtually no hassle. You control this mode just like you would Cool mode, and you can typically set your thermostat as high as 88 degrees F. Models with built-in heaters have a separate BTU-rating for their heat option, so consider your room size if you're looking for a model with heat.

Dehumidify: Remove excess moisture from your air using a Dry or Dehumidify mode. This mode is popular in basements or areas of the country with extremely humid conditions.

Fan-Only: Use Fan mode to distribute and circulate air around your space without using Cool mode.

Automatic: Let your AC do the work for you! Simply select Automatic mode and it selects a mode and fan speed based on your ambient room temperature.

Sleep: The Sleep function maintains a pleasant room temperature with quiet operation while you rest.

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Compressor Types: Inverter vs. Rotary (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

The outdoor unit is the compressor, and it's one of the most important parts of a mini-split AC. The 2 main compressor types for mini splits are inverter and rotary. A rotary compressor turns on and off while working to maintain your set temperature, while an inverter compressor uses only enough power to reach the desired setting, then idles at that setting until more power is needed.

A rotary compressor will turn on with full power, while an inverter compressor only uses enough of its resources to reduce the room temperature to your desired setting. Many people prefer inverter compressors because they save energy by not constantly turning on and off. Most new ductless mini splits use inverter compressors.

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Energy Efficiency (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Mini split systems are efficient ways to cool your home. Their efficiency is measured by a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER). The higher the SEER, the more efficient the unit. Currently, federal requirements state mini splits must have a 13.0 SEER rating to be used in the United States. Another energy rating to look out for is Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER), which looks at energy usage per square foot of cooling. SEER and EER both rate your product's efficiency, so keep an eye out for one or the other when comparing products.

Along with SEER (and possibly EER) ratings, your model should come with an estimated yearly operating cost. This is an average dollar amount associated with your model based on operating and maintenance costs—if you're comparing 2 models, check out the estimated yearly cost before purchasing.

If a model is extremely efficient, it can become Energy Star-rated. In order to become Energy Star-rated, models must prove to significantly contribute to energy savings and offers products and performance demanded by consumers. Replacing an inefficient cooling system with a mini-split can cut your heating and cooling costs by up to 30%.

What Makes Mini Splits So Efficient?

More control: In traditional heating and cooling systems, you have one thermostat that controls the temperature in your entire home. Using a mini-split AC lets you control the temperature in each zone, so you can make sure commonly-used spaces are more comfortable than rooms you rarely use. This zone cooling helps save you on energy costs since you aren’t paying to cool your entire home, but only areas you commonly use.

Ductless: In traditional ACs, ducts are used to distribute cool air throughout your home. About 20% of that air is lost due to leaks, holes, and poorly connected ducts. Removing this step—like mini splits do—saves you energy and money.

Heating and Cooling: Mini splits can deliver cool and warm air from the same unit, which traditional ACs don't offer. This avoids having to install and run two separate units.

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Ductless Mini Split Installation (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Installing mini split ACs require professional installation since you run the refrigerant lines indoors from outside your home through a small hole in your wall. You'll need to contact an HVAC professional to be sure your AC is installed to run as effectively and efficiently as possible.

Indoor Unit Location Options

Most indoor air conditioning units are hung on a wall using included brackets, while other models are hung from the ceiling. Be sure your refrigerant lines will reach each indoor hanging unit before you install them. Check where your indoor units can be installed before you purchase a mini split AC.

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Size and Power (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Each indoor ductless unit offers a set number of BTUs of cooling power. For single-zone units, you simply need to know the number of BTUs associated with the indoor unit and make sure it fits the square footage you're cooling. 

For multiple zone systems, both the outdoor and indoor units have a BTU rating attached to them. One benefit of a ductless split system is each indoor unit runs independently.

Check out our square footage and BTU comparison chart below. Keep in mind if you're purchasing a multi-zone system, you need to look at the BTU rating for each unit (or zone). For example, an AC may use 30,000 BTUs total, with each indoor unit using 9,000 BTUs and the outside unit using 12,000 BTUs.

Area To Be Cooled (Square Feet)       Capacity Needed (BTUs Per Hour)

100 to 150 square feet                                     5,000 BTUs

150 to 250 square feet                                     6,000 BTUs

250 to 300 square feet                                     7,000 BTUs

300 to 350 square feet                                     8,000 BTUs

350 to 400 square feet                                     9,000 BTUs

400 to 450 square feet                                     10,000 BTUs

450 to 550 square feet                                     12,000 BTUs

550 to 700 square feet                                     14,000 BTUs

700 to 1,000 square feet                                  18,000 BTUs

1,000 to 1,200 square feet                               21,000 BTUs

1,200 to 1,400 square feet                               23,000 BTUs

Environmental conditions should also be taken into consideration when sizing your space for a mini split AC. If any of them are applicable to you, increase the number of BTUs by the percentage shown:

Environmental Condition


Ceiling Height: If your ceilings are higher than 8 feet, you should increase your number of BTUs (Increase 20%).

Insulation: Poorly insulated areas require more power to cool (Increase 30%).

Climate: In areas with seasonal temperatures often exceeding 90 degrees F. (Increase 30%).

Voltage

Voltage is another important consideration for your ductless mini split's power requirements. Smaller-powered mini splits use a standard 110- to 120-volt plug, which most homes are wired for, but larger units require higher voltage. These models use a 220- to 240-volt plug; make sure your home's voltage matches your unit's before purchasing. Using the incorrect voltage can cause the circuit to break, a loss of efficiency, or even cause a fire.

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Zones: Single- vs. Multi-Zone (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

A single-zone ductless split system cools an area of your home using 1 outdoor and 1 indoor unit. These are popular in bedrooms or rooms that aren't ducted for central air conditioning. The main consideration with single-zone ACs is if the unit has enough power to cover your room's square footage. 

Multi-zone mini splits work just like single-zone models but cool more parts of your home or business. Each indoor unit (representing a zone) connects to the outdoor unit through the refrigerant lines. There are generally up to 4 indoor zones. If you don’t have central air conditioning, consider using a multi-zone system to cool different areas of your home—which can be on multiple floor levels thanks to long refrigerant lines. Multi-zone models are popular in basements, doctor's offices, and apartments. The single outdoor unit is equipped to handle all interior units, though usually all can't be used on the highest level at the same time.

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Common Uses and Main Advantages (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Common Uses

These ACs are popular in homes without ductwork, rooms with limited window space, garages, and spaces with old or inefficient central air cooling systems. They're also used in new construction, home additions, multi-family housing, and in poorly air conditioned rooms. Older homes that don't have ductwork for conventional cooling systems or businesses with hot spots (such as doctor offices) are also common places for ductless mini-splits.

Main Advantages

Quiet: Since the compressor is housed outside, the only indoor noise is from the unit's fan, making them quieter than window or thru-wall ACs.

Zone Cooling (and Heating if included): Zone cooling lets you cool one room or area of your home at a time. For example, you can keep your bedroom AC off until you go to bed. You can also only place indoor units in spaces you use often, so you'll be comfortable without cooling the rest of your home. While central ACs cool your whole home, including areas you rarely use, zone cooling lets you only cool specific areas of your home, so you don’t waste energy cooling areas you're not in.

No Ducts: You don’t need to worry about dirty ducts spreading allergens or other particles around your home, because they don’t use ductwork. In addition, nearly all ducted systems lose some percentage of performance and efficiency due to leaks, cracks, or disconnections—no ductwork means no loss of performance.

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Components of Mini-Split ACs (Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide)

Ductless systems are made up of 4 components:

Condensing Unit: The condenser is located outside the home or building being cooled. Its condenser coil pumps the cool air through refrigerant lines that connect to the unit or units indoors.

Refrigerant Lines: These charged refrigerant lines connect the outdoor unit to the indoor unit or units. They're small tubes of cooling refrigerant and are called line sets and connect the units either through a small hole in the wall, or in rare cases, through a window.

Indoor Unit or Units: These can be wall-mounted, suspended from the ceiling, or mounted in the ceiling. Cool air is released into your home through the indoor unit or units.

Remote Control or Wall Monitor: This controls the entire system and allows you to change temperature, modes, and other settings.

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Mini Split Air Conditioner Buying Guide

Ductless split system air conditioners are increasing in popularity because they offer effective, efficient cooling throughout homes or offices. These unique systems consist of an outdoor condenser unit and at least one indoor unit that distributes cool air. Models with multiple indoor units are referred to as "multi-zone" mini-splits, because they cool multiple areas of a home.

Ductless mini splits don’t need to be vented like many room ACs, so they're a great option for rooms without windows or access to exterior walls. These systems also provide greater temperature control since each indoor unit works independently and can be set to different temperatures—allowing you to cool certain parts of your home without cooling the entire space. This zone cooling helps decrease energy usage since you're only cooling parts your home that you actually use as opposed to cooling your entire home like a central air conditioner.

Many models offer a Heat mode to keep you comfortable all year; these models are particularly popular in homes without central air conditioners. Most mini splits have remote controls and various other features, including programmable timers, automatic restart, and auto-swinging louvers.

For quick access to the sections in this buying guide, click the links below:

Components of Mini-Split ACs

Common Uses and Main Advantages

Zones

Size and Power

Installation

Energy Efficiency

Compressor Types

Additional Modes

Features

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What is an Air Conditioning Condenser?

An air conditioning condenser is a vital part of an air conditioner responsible for cooling vapors coming from a compressor. It is not only used in traditional air conditioners, but also refrigerators and almost any other type of device that delivers refrigerant, or cooled air, to another location. Sometimes, this portion of the air conditioner is confused with the outside unit in a split system.

The air conditioning condenser looks very much like a coil, or perhaps a radiator. Its job is to take hot gaseous vapor coming from the condenser, and cool it back into a liquid form. It does this through a process called condensation. Water vapor in the air, which is a gas, goes through a similar process when it becomes liquid dew, commonly seen in the morning. The condenser cools the gas to a certain point to create the same effect.

Heat in an air conditioning condenser is transferred through the coils, and then out into the air. In an air conditioning unit the hot air is expelled outside, and the liquid refrigerant then moves on to the next step in the process, which is the expansion device. In the case of refrigerators, the hot air is usually simply expelled underneath or behind the unit. In most cases, the condenser will need a little help to cool the liquid fast enough, which is why a fan is often used. The fan does not truly make the refrigerant cooler, but rather aids in the transfer of heat from inside the coil to the surrounding air. Thus, the natural result is less heat in the refrigerant itself.

It should be noted that while many outside units are referred to as air conditioning condensers, that is not the truth. The most visible part of the units in the outside shell is often the condenser unit or components that help the condenser, which may be why there is some confusion. The condenser is actually one of multiple components located inside that shell. Also included in the outside portion of a split air conditioning system is the compressor. The components work together to provide the desired cooled air to a controlled environment.

Depending on the age of the air conditioner, its running conditions and use, there may be certain parts of the air conditioning condenser that need to be replaced from time to time. These include the coils, commonly called evaporator coils, which may become corroded eventually. This could cause refrigerant to leak out. The fan motor is another unit vital to the condenser that may go bad from time to time.

About Us.

Quality isn’t only important in the product itself. We provide our customers with high-quality service and products. We provide the best brands such as: Midea, AirCon and Senville.

The Best Mini Split offers a wide variety of products for all your air conditioning needs. We stand behind everything that we offer because all of our products are of the highest quality to ensure your satisfaction.

If you are looking for quality brands and expert service, visit our website. You’ll find the right Ductless Mini Split System for your home or business. We specialize in high–efficiency products, and we want to help you start saving energy.

Some of the products we offer include:

- Ductless Mini Splits
- Multi Zone Ductless Mini Splits
- Package Terminal ACs
- Single Zone Mini Splits
- Ductless Heat Pumps

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Air conditioning Btu for Homeowners

Air Conditioning Btu – Measure how much heat energy air conditioner unit produce.

An air conditioner manufacture needs away to compare the amount of heat is produce on specific period and need to know how much heat is remove on specific period (day, hour, minute).

What is air conditioning Btu?

Btu is a British thermal unit. It’s a unit of heat energy. Btu defines as the amount (quantity) of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water to 1 degree F.

For example: when 5 lb of water is heated from 10°F to 20°F. 50 Btu of heat energy is added to the water. To look at in a different way, the water now contains 50 Btu of heat energy.

Here is the Btu’s formula:

Btu = Wt in lb. x change in temperature in °F

Btu = 5 lb X (10-20)

Btu = 5 x 10

Btu = 50 Btu

HVAC technician used the terms Btu to describe the quantity of heat or heat content. Btu explains the amount of heat energy contains in a substance. In the example above, the water contains 50 Btu.

Let’s said a furnace has 15000 Btu. It means that the furnace wills produce 15,000 Btu of heat within specific period.

When it comes to air conditioner, it entirely difference. 15,000 Btu air conditioners mean that the air conditioner unit will remove 15,000 Btu of heat energy from a resident.

Each components of heating or air conditioner unit is rated base on their ability to remove heat or add heat. If the hvac equipment is not rated, it would be hard to choose the best air conditioner unit or heating unit.

Ton of Refrigeration or Ton of Air Conditioner.

Air conditioning Btu is a unit use to measure quantity of heat energy and ton of refrigeration is a measurement unit use to size air conditioner unit or refrigeration units.

The terms ton of refrigeration goes back went they used ice as the source to remove heat. It requires 144 Btu of heat energy to melt one pound of ice at 32°F to one pound of water at 32°F.

Ton of refrigeration refers to the amount of heat needed to melt 1 ton of ice in a day (24 hours). 1 ton of refrigeration is equal to 2000 pound of refrigeration (1 ton = 2000 lb). Here how to converts ton of refrigeration to Btu:

2000 lb x 144 Btu/lb = 288,000 Btu

288, 000 Btu is how much heat removes within 24 hours. In one hours, the air conditioner unit removes 12, 000 Btu of heat (288, 000 Btu/ 24 = 12, 000 Btu) or in minute, it would be 200 Btu /min.

Here is different prospective. 1 Ton of air conditioner unit will remove 12, 000 Btu of heat per hours.

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Main Components of an Air Conditioner.

Let's get some housekeeping topics out of the way before we tackle the unique components that make up a standard air conditioner. The biggest job an air conditioner has to do is to cool the indoor air. That's not all it does, though. Air conditioners monitor and regulate the air temperature via a thermostat. They also have an onboard filter that removes airborne particulates from the circulating air. Air conditioners function as dehumidifiers. Because temperature is a key component of relative humidity, reducing the temperature of a volume of humid air causes it to release a portion of its moisture. That's why there are drains and moisture-collecting pans near or attached to air conditioners, and why air conditioners discharge water when they operate on humid days.

Still, the major parts of an air conditioner manage refrigerant and move air in two directions: indoors and outside:

Evaporator - Receives the liquid refrigerant

Condenser - Facilitates heat transfer

Expansion valve - regulates refrigerant flow into the evaporator

Compressor - A pump that pressurizes refrigerant

Compressor

Compresses the refrigerant from low pressure (low temperature) to high pressure (high temperature). This conversion raises the boiling point to higher temperature levels, facilitating elimination of the heat brought by the outdoor air.

Condenser

This component receives gas at high pressure and high temperature from the compressor. In air-cooled condensers, the metallic surfaces cool the gas which changes status and turns to liquid. In the case of water-cooled condensers, it is the circulation of the water that produces the same cooling effect.

Evaporator

When the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator, it absorbs heat from the surrounding air and produces cooled air.

The cold side of an air conditioner contains the evaporator and a fan that blows air over the chilled coils and into the room. The hot side contains the compressor, condenser and another fan to vent hot air coming off the compressed refrigerant to the outdoors. In between the two sets of coils, there's an expansion valve. It regulates the amount of compressed liquid refrigerant moving into the evaporator. Once in the evaporator, the refrigerant experiences a pressure drop, expands and changes back into a gas. The compressor is actually a large electric pump that pressurizes the refrigerant gas as part of the process of turning it back into a liquid. There are some additional sensors, timers and valves, but the evaporator, compressor, condenser and expansion valve are the main components of an air conditioner.

Although this is a conventional setup for an air conditioner, there are a couple of variations you should know about. Window air conditioners have all these components mounted into a relatively small metal box that installs into a window opening. The hot air vents from the back of the unit, while the condenser coils and a fan cool and re-circulate indoor air. Bigger air conditioners work a little differently: Central air conditioners share a control thermostat with a home's heating system, and the compressor and condenser, the hot side of the unit, isn't even in the house. It's in a separate all-weather housing outdoors. In very large buildings, like hotels and hospitals, the exterior condensing unit is often mounted somewhere on the roof.

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